<International Circulation>: Warfarin as a classical anticoagulant drug is widely used in clinical practice. If the dose of warfarin is excessive, hemorrhage may occur and if the dose of warfarin is insufficient, embolism may occur. So clinicians need to be careful and prudent in using warfarin. Predicting warfarin dosage using pharmacogenetic algorithms is more scientific and reasonable however this technique is still strange to many clinicians. Can you outline the measures involved in applying this technique?
<International Circulation>: As many new anticoagulant drugs are being used today and constantly being developed, warfarin usage is threatened. Can predicting warfarin dose with pharmacogenetic algorithms resolve or reverse this trend and how?
Prof. Lee: Warfarin has been used for a long time, but as a consequence we know a lot about warfarin including safety. For new drugs which may claim to be better, we do not have the experience of usage we have with warfarin. An example would be the anticoagulant drug ximelagatran by AstraZeneca, which appeared on the market but was quickly withdrawn because it caused liver damage. So for every new drug, even though they may lower bleeding incidence, such as dabigatran by Boehringer Ingelheim, when you examine the trial results, it still causes bleeding and is still dose responsive. This tells